c. 17th cent. Patriarchs & Matriarchs: Abraham-Sarah, Isaac-Rebecca, Jacob-Leah & Rachael c. 13th cent. Exodus from Egypt: Moses leads Israelites from Egypt.
PERIOD OF THE JUDGES 13th-10th Centuries
c. 13th cent. Conquest of the land under Joshua Begins
FIRST TEMPLE PERIOD 10th- 5th Centuries
c. 1020 JEWISH MONARCHY; Saul, first king. c. 1000 Jerusalem made capital of David's kingdom. c. 960 First Temple, spiritual center of the Jewish People, built in Jerusalem by King Solomon. c. 930-720 Divided Kingdoms: Judah (Southern Kingdom), Israel (Northern Kingdom) 720 Israel Crushed by Assyrians; 10 tribes exiled (Ten Lost Tribes). 586 Judah conquered, Temple of David destroyed by Babylonia; Jewish leadership exiled to Babylonia.
SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD 4th - 1st C.E.
536-142 Persian political rule 538-515 Many Jews return from Babylonia; Temple rebuilt. 332-142 Hellenistic Period 166-160 Maccabean (Hasmonean) revolt against restrictions on practice of Judaism and desecration of the Temple
HASMONEAN PERIOD 142-63
142 The Hasmonean family begins Jewish reign over land of Israel
ROMAN PERIOD 63 BCE - 313 CE
70 Jewish revolt ends in destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple. 132-135 Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome. 313-636 Byzantine Rule
Muslim Period 636-1088
636-749 Syrian Rule 691 On site of 1st and 2nd Temples in Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock built 750-877 Iraqi rule 879-903 Egyptian rule 904-934 Iraqi rule 934-969 Egyptian rule
970-976 Byzantine Invasion
1070-80 Turkish rule
Crusader Period 1099-1187
1187 Saladin of Damascus Conquers Israel 1244-1290 Mongolian Rule 1291-1516 Mamluk Rule
Ottoman (Turkish) Period 1516-1918
1860 1st neighborhood built outside Jerusalem's walls. 1882-1903 First Aliya (large-scale immigration), mainly from Russia. 1897 Zionist Organization founded. 1909 First kibbutz, Degania, & first modern all-Jewish city, Tel Aviv, founded.
British Mandate 1918-48
1918 Ottoman rule ended by British conquest; British Foreign Minister Balfour pledges support for establishment of a "Jewish national home in Palestine". - British restrict Jewish settlement to 1/4th of Palestine. 1929 Hebron Jews massacred by Arab militants. British evacuate Jewish ho have maintained a community for 2,000 years 1936-39 Anti-Jewish riots instigated by Arab militants. 1939 Jewish immigration severely limited by British White Paper. 1939-45 World War II; Holocaust in Europe. 1947 UN proposes the establishment of Arab and Jewish States
November The UN votes to partition the remaining 1/4 of Palestine into a Jewish State and a Palestinian State.
